A Tennessee district faced an old school HVAC challenge: aging ventilators and space constraints. So this team tried a new-school variation on common VRF retrofits to deliver improved efficiency and critical IAQ: they decentralized the outdoor air, combining enthalpy wheel and VRF components within a single classroom enclosure.
Engineers retrofitting non-air conditioned schools to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) the last few years have relied on centralized packaged DOAS to comply with ASHRAE 62.1 outdoor air standards.
Warm discharge plumes sweeping back into air-cooled condensers is nobody’s idea of an ideal performance environment. This CFD study shows how wind speed, wind direction, spacing between chillers, and separation from adjacent buildings all factor into the conversation about the best defense against unwanted hot air.
As the nation’s largest consumer of energy, the Department of Defense (DoD) has created a goal to explore different ways of optimizing renewable energy resources based on end-use application.
As one of the largest commercial real estate firms in the southeastern United States, Childress Klein oversees and services nearly 40 million sq ft of office, industrial, retail and residential properties.
Trends don’t always follow the expected path (or timeline), but the basics remain the basics and increased cabinet density remains inevitable. Let’s revisit the progress of liquid in data center strategy and the tenets of a future-proof(ish) hybrid design for today.
Thanks to a recent remodeling, patrons seated indoors experience the ambience of dining outdoors at O’Toole’s Irish American Grill & Bar. However, there are no mosquitoes, flies, or vehicle emission odors, and the temperature is always a comfortable 74°F.
Why do ground loops in moist soils sometimes perform better than expected? What ground loop design tactics can address building system imbalance? Engineers need to take more responsibility for their full GSHP designs, and these questions are a good place to start.
With a little guidance on ground-source heat pump design temperatures and a few rules of thumb for ground loop flow rates, most engineers are pretty comfortable designing the building side of a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system.